Logic

Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths.

It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content.
Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory.
Informal logic examines arguments expressed in natural language whereas formal logic uses formal language.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

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